大脑一旦受伤，就会给我们造成不可弥补的创伤，但是有人因此竟解锁了一些超乎常人的新技能。想要了解他们发生了什么吗？那就和小译一起阅读下面这篇文章吧！

The brain is a powerful organ! Although these people experienced trauma, their brains compensated with some special skills.

大脑的功能十分强大。尽管有些人的大脑受到损伤，但是他们却出乎意料地获得了一些特殊能力。

What is acquired savant syndrome?

后天性学者症候群

Acquired savant syndrome occurs when the brain responds to trauma. The syndrome refers to the new skills or abilities that emerge in a previously "normal" person, according to Mara Klemich, PhD, a neuropsychologist who has worked with traumatic brain injuries and in other areas of neuropsychology. These new abilities follow brain injury, stroke, or other central nervous system incidents, and even dementia. Although it's rare, Dr. Klemich saw two patients develop extra-ordinary skills, like drawing and painting, post-accident. Other common savant skills include calendar day calculations, math, art, and music, Dr. Klemich says.

后天性学者症候群，也就是获得性天才综合征在大脑遭到创伤之后可能就会出现。玛拉·克莱米奇（Mara Klemich）博士是一名神经心理学家，专门研究创伤性脑损伤以及神经心理学的其他领域。她解释道，这种综合征是指，原先的“正常人”会拥有一些新的技能或能力。拥有新的能力之前，患者遭遇了脑损伤、中风、中枢神经问题，甚至痴呆症。尽管这种现象十分罕见，但克莱米奇博士本人就见过两个病人在患病后获得了一些特殊技能，例如素描和绘画。克莱米奇还称，其他常见的一些特殊技能还包括历法计算、数学、美术和音乐。

One of the most common misconceptions about the syndrome is that these abilities can be in any area. Dr. Klemich, also author of Above the Line, says most cases express specific skills in only one of those areas. Even that is impressive. "The fact that extra-ordinary skills can surface post–brain-related injury or disease raises fascinating questions about dormant capacity potentially existing within us all," Dr. Klemich says. "The challenge, of course, if that is true, is how to access that hidden ability and skill without some sort of brain-related disaster." In the meantime, read up on five real people with acquired savant syndrome, and their skills.

对于后天性学者症候群，大家有一个常见的误解，即这些能力可能涉及任何领域。克里米奇博士除了是一名神经心理学家，还是《高于底线》（Above the Line）一书的作者。她称，多数情况下，患者只会在一个领域表现出特殊技能。她还补充道：“与大脑相关的损伤或疾病会让人的特殊技能浮现，这一事实不禁引发猜想，即人类体内是否存在潜在的休眠能力。当然，如果这种猜想正确，我们面临的最大难题就是，如何在避免大脑受损的情况下激活这种隐藏的能力或技能。”下面介绍的这五个人都患有后天性学者症候群，一起了解一下他们有什么特殊技能吧。

Orlando Serrell

奥兰多·瑟雷尔

One of the more well-known cases of acquired savant syndrome is Orlando Serrell. A baseball hit ten-year-old Serrell during a game. Although he fell, he got back up and continued playing baseball. After his headache eventually left, he noticed he could name the day of the week for any date. He could also remember the weather, where he was, and what he was doing for every day since the accident, according to his official website.

后天性学者症候群的一个知名案例就是奥兰多·瑟雷尔。瑟雷尔十岁的时候在一场比赛中被棒球击中，但是他倒下之后又站了起来，继续打球。在完全不头痛以后，瑟雷尔发现自己可以准确说出任意一天是星期几。据他的官方网站显示，在这起事故之后，他还能够记得每一天的天气状况，去过的地方以及做过的事情。

Derek Amato

德里克·阿马托

Some acquired savants also develop artistic abilities. For Derek Amato, the skill is piano. During a game of catch, Amato hit his head on the concrete bottom of a Jacuzzi. The fall left Amato with hearing loss in one ear, memory loss, and headaches. It also gave Amato the ability to understand and play complex tunes on the piano, without any training. He was drawn to the keyboard in his friend's studio and played for six hours, Popular Science reports.

有的“后天学者”会获得艺术才能。对于德里克·阿马托来说，这种才能就是钢琴演奏。在一次传球游戏中，阿马托的头撞到了按摩浴缸的混凝土缸底，这导致他单耳失聪，记忆丧失，还会阵阵头痛。不过，也正因如此，阿马托才获得了可以不用任何练习就能理解并演奏复杂钢琴曲的能力。据《大众科学》（Popular Science）报道，阿马托被朋友工作室的琴键吸引，整整弹了六个小时。

Alonzo Clemons

阿朗佐·克莱蒙斯

Alonzo Clemons suffered a brain injury as a toddler, changing how he thinks, learns, and communicates. He also miraculously started creating lifelike sculptures from memory alone without formal training. After the movie Rain Man popularized savant syndrome, Clemons interviewed with 60 Minutes and the Discovery Channel. The exposure was great for his artwork, including his famous sculptures and oil pastels, which are now in fine arts galleries around the world. Plus, the art in these brain teasers will leave you stumped.

阿朗佐·克莱蒙斯刚会走路的时候就遭遇了大脑创伤，从此改变了他思考、学习以及交流的方式。他奇迹般地开始创作一些栩栩如生的雕像，而且全凭记忆，没有接受过任何常规训练。在电影《雨人》（Rain Man）播出之后，学者症候群得到广泛关注，克莱蒙斯也受到了新闻杂志节目《60分钟》（60 Minutes）以及《探索频道》（Dicovery Channel）的采访。这次采访出镜使克莱蒙斯的艺术作品广为人知，包括一些有名的雕像和油笔画，现在这些作品正在世界各地的美术馆进行展出。

Anthony Cicoria

安东尼·科科里亚

Twenty-five years ago, a bolt of lightning struck 42-year-old Anthony Cicoria. The then-surgeon passed out but came back after CPR. He refused to go to the hospital, but checked in with his doctor and did a CT scan. All was normal except for lingering memory problems, like forgetting the names of rare diseases, according to The New Yorker. That changed a few years later when Cicoria suddenly, over a few days, had the intense desire to listen to piano music. Although he had less than a handful of lessons as a kid, didn't listen to classical music, and didn't own a piano, the music came to him. This led him to start studying music, but he couldn't grasp the classical tunes because other songs played in his head. He realized they were complete, original melodies of his own creation.

25年前，42岁的外科医生安东尼·科科里亚不幸被一道闪电击中，陷入昏迷，幸运的是，他最终通过心脏复苏术苏醒了过来。但他拒绝去医院检查，只是找私人医生做了一次CT扫描。据《纽约客》（The New Yorker）报道，除了一些经常性的记忆问题，例如无法记住罕见疾病的名称以外，科科里亚一切正常。但是几年之后，情况有所改变，科科里亚连续好几天都特别想听钢琴演奏。尽管他小的时候根本没上过几节钢琴课，也没有听古典乐的习惯，甚至连一架钢琴也没有，可他的脑海里面充满了旋律。这使他开始学习音乐，但是他的脑海里面都是其他类型的音乐，因此根本无法掌握古典乐曲。后来，他才意识到，脑海中的那些旋律都是他的原创。

Jason Padgett

杰森·帕吉特

Although many acquired savants have musical or artistic abilities, Jason Padgett's talents are mathematical. After an attack outside of a karaoke bar in 2002, the furniture salesman had a concussion, PTSD, and eventually mathematical genius, too. Padgett developed the ability to visualize complex math and physics topics after the attack, but he didn't go beyond pre-algebra in his studies. This syndrome is almost as shocking as these popular brain myths.

尽管许多“后天学者”都会获得音乐或艺术才能，但杰森·帕吉特的才能却表现在数学方面。2002年，这位家具销售员在一家卡拉OK酒吧外遭遇袭击之后，得了脑震荡和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），不过最终却成了一名数学天才。帕吉特在遭遇袭击之后，可以使复杂的数学和物理问题形象化，但是他从未学过初级代数以上的数学知识。这种综合征几乎和这些广受欢迎的大脑传说一样不可思议。

大脑的功能真是太强大了，肯定有很多事情等着我们去探索！

本文为百度翻译原创内容

翻译：陈健光（北语）

编辑：Desiree

文章来源：Reader's Digest